feat(towers): 实现防御塔基类与4种塔及塔管理器

game/towers/TowerBase.ts

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+import type Phaser from 'phaser'
+import { GameManager } from '../GameManager'
+import { TILE_SIZE, HUD_HEIGHT, COFFEE_COST, STAMINA_MAX, STAMINA_REGEN } from '../constants'
+import type { EnemyBase } from '../enemies/EnemyBase'
+
+export abstract class TowerBase {
+  protected scene: Phaser.Scene
+  public gridX: number
+  public gridY: number
+  protected sprite!: Phaser.GameObjects.Graphics
+  protected staminaBar!: Phaser.GameObjects.Graphics
+
+  public readonly cost: number
+  public readonly attackRange: number
+  public readonly attackDamage: number
+  public readonly attackSpeed: number
+  public readonly maxStamina: number = STAMINA_MAX
+  public stamina: number = STAMINA_MAX
+
+  protected attackCooldown: number = 0
+  protected staminaRegen: number = STAMINA_REGEN
+  protected isActive: boolean = true
+
+  // Pixel center position
+  protected px: number
+  protected py: number
+
+  constructor(
+    scene: Phaser.Scene,
+    gridX: number,
+    gridY: number,
+    cost: number,
+    attackRange: number,
+    attackDamage: number,
+    attackSpeed: number
+  ) {
+    this.scene = scene
+    this.gridX = gridX
+    this.gridY = gridY
+    this.cost = cost
+    this.attackRange = attackRange
+    this.attackDamage = attackDamage
+    this.attackSpeed = attackSpeed
+
+    this.px = gridX * TILE_SIZE + TILE_SIZE / 2
+    this.py = gridY * TILE_SIZE + TILE_SIZE / 2 + HUD_HEIGHT
+
+    this.sprite = scene.add.graphics()
+    this.staminaBar = scene.add.graphics()
+
+    this.drawSprite()
+    this.updateStaminaBar()
+  }
+
+  update(delta: number, enemies: EnemyBase[]): void {
+    this.attackCooldown -= delta
+
+    if (this.stamina <= 0) {
+      this.isActive = false
+    }
+
+    if (!this.isActive) {
+      this.stamina = Math.min(
+        this.maxStamina,
+        this.stamina + (this.staminaRegen * delta) / 1000
+      )
+      if (this.stamina > 20) this.isActive = true
+      this.updateStaminaBar()
+      return
+    }
+
+    const target = this.findTarget(enemies)
+    if (target && this.attackCooldown <= 0) {
+      this.attack(target)
+      this.stamina -= 5
+      this.attackCooldown = 1000 / this.attackSpeed
+      this.updateStaminaBar()
+    } else if (!target) {
+      this.stamina = Math.min(
+        this.maxStamina,
+        this.stamina + (this.staminaRegen * delta) / 1000
+      )
+      this.updateStaminaBar()
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected findTarget(enemies: EnemyBase[]): EnemyBase | null {
+    const rangePx = this.attackRange * TILE_SIZE
+    let best: EnemyBase | null = null
+    let bestProgress = -1
+
+    for (const e of enemies) {
+      if (e.isDead) continue
+      const dx = e.sprite.x - this.px
+      const dy = e.sprite.y - this.py
+      const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
+      if (dist <= rangePx) {
+        // 优先选取路径进度最深的（模拟血量最多/威胁最大）
+        const progress = e.pathProgress
+        if (progress > bestProgress) {
+          bestProgress = progress
+          best = e
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return best
+  }
+
+  protected updateStaminaBar(): void {
+    this.staminaBar.clear()
+    const bw = 40
+    const bh = 4
+    const bx = this.px - bw / 2
+    const by = this.py + TILE_SIZE / 2 - 8
+
+    this.staminaBar.fillStyle(0x374151, 1)
+    this.staminaBar.fillRect(bx, by, bw, bh)
+    this.staminaBar.fillStyle(0xf59e0b, 1)
+    this.staminaBar.fillRect(bx, by, bw * (this.stamina / this.maxStamina), bh)
+    this.staminaBar.setDepth(11)
+  }
+
+  buyCoffee(): boolean {
+    const manager = GameManager.getInstance()
+    if (manager.spendHC(COFFEE_COST)) {
+      this.stamina = this.maxStamina
+      this.isActive = true
+      this.updateStaminaBar()
+      return true
+    }
+    return false
+  }
+
+  getPixelCenter(): { x: number; y: number } {
+    return { x: this.px, y: this.py }
+  }
+
+  abstract attack(target: EnemyBase): void
+  abstract drawSprite(): void
+
+  destroy(): void {
+    this.sprite?.destroy()
+    this.staminaBar?.destroy()
+  }
+}